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Tema: Lo básico (en inglés)

  1. #1
    Forero Experto Avatar de Gise
    Fecha de ingreso
    09 sep, 05
    Mensajes
    2,527

    Predeterminado Lo básico (en inglés)

    Personal pronouns

    I = first person singular (yo)
    You = second person singular and plural (vos, tú, usted, ustedes)
    He = third person singular masculine (él)
    She = third person singular femenine (ella)
    It = third person singular neuter (esto; se usa para animales o cosas)
    We = first person plural (nosotros)
    They = third person plural (ellos)

    Possessive pronoun

    I = my (mi)
    You = your (tu)
    He = his (su)
    She= her (su)
    It = its (su)
    We = our (nuestro)
    They = their (su)


    Verb to be (ser o estar)

    Present tense

    Affirmative

    I am
    You / we / they are
    He / she / it is

    Negative

    I am not
    You/we/they aren't
    He/she/it isn't

    aren't = are not
    isn't = is not

    Interrogative

    Am I ...?
    Are you/we/they... ?
    Is he/she/it...?


    Past tense

    Affirmative

    I / he / she / it was
    You / we / they were

    Negative

    I/he/she/it wasn't
    You/we/they weren't

    wasn't = was not
    weren't = were not

    Interrogative

    Was I/he/she/it ...?
    Were you/we/they... ?



    1. Present simple

    We use the simple present:
    1_ for a state, unlimited by time: She lives in Chicago.
    2_ for a routine or habit: They get up every morning at eight.
    3_for thinks that are always true: Water freezes at zero degrees Centigrade.

    Affirmative

    I live here
    you live here
    he lives here
    she lives here
    it lives here
    we live here
    they live here

    Negative

    I don´t live here.
    you live here
    he doesn´t live here.
    she doesn´t live here.
    it doesn´t live here.
    we don´t live here.
    they don´t live here.

    don't = do not
    doesn't = does not

    Interrogative

    Do I live here?
    Do you live here?
    Does he live here?
    Does she live here?
    Does it live here?
    Do we live here?
    Do they live here?


    1.1. Frecuency adverbs

    Always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely and never are the most common frecuency adverbs. They tell us how often an event occurs.
    They are placed between subject and verb, but sometimes, usually and often are also common at the beginning and end of clauses:
    We always get to school by bus.
    Sometimes I wonder why I talk to you at all!


    They follow auxiliarity verbs, an the verb to be:
    He is usually here at this time.
    I have never seen a poisonous snake.


    2. Present continuous

    We use the present continuous:
    1_ for an event happening at the moment of speaking: They are watching TV.
    2_ for a state made to seem more temporary: He´s living with relatives at the moment.

    Time expressions commonly used with the present continuous are at the moment and now.

    Affirmative

    I am eating my breakfast
    you are eating your breakfast
    he is eating his breakfast.
    she is eating her breakfast.
    it is eating its breakfast.
    we are eating our breakfast
    they are eating their breakfast

    Negative

    I am not eating my breakfast
    you aren´t eating your breakfast.
    he isn´t eating his breakfast.
    she isn´t eating her breakfast.
    it isn´t eating its breakfast.
    we aren´t eating our breakfast.
    they aren´t eating their breakfast.

    Interrogative

    Am I eating my breakfast?
    Are you eating your breakfast?
    Is he eating his breakfast.
    Is she eating her breakfast.
    Is it eating its breakfast.
    Are we eating our breakfast.
    Are they eating their breakfast.

    There are some verbs that cannot normally be used in the continuous form. Verbs mainly used only in the simple form are:

    1_ Know, understand, believe and similar verbs.
    2_ Own, cost, belong to, contain, depend and similar verbs.
    3_ Verbs of sensation such as see, hear and smell are often used with can or could.












    -------
    Avisen si algo está mal. Esto lo estoy sacando de mi viejo cuaderno de notas.
    Saludos
    Última edición por Gise; 02/02/2007 a las 00:10
    Under the spreading chestnut tree, I sold you and you sold me.
    There lie they and here lie we, under the spreading chestnut tree.

  2. #2
    Forero Experto Avatar de Gise
    Fecha de ingreso
    09 sep, 05
    Mensajes
    2,527

    Predeterminado Re: Lo básico (en inglés)

    3. Past simple

    We use the simple past:
    1_ for a finished event in the past: I went to my grandmother´s house last Saturday.
    2_ for narratives or stories: We left New York and flew to Chicago.
    3_ for past habits: I usually went to the cinema every Saturday.

    The verbs in past can be regular o irregular. (A los verbos regulares se les agrega "ed" al final; los irregulares cambian. Ej: jump es un verbo regular. En pasado es jumped. Buy es un verbo irregular. En pasado es bought.)


    Aff

    They bought a new bike.

    S (subject/sujeto) + V (verb in past simple) + rest of the sentence

    Neg

    They didn´t buy a new bike

    S + didn't + V + rest of the sentence

    Int

    Did they buy a new bike?

    Did + S + V (in present simple) + rest of the sentence


    4. Past continuous

    We use the past continuous:
    1_ For a long, unfinished action in contrast with a sudden, complete one. This is sometimes an interruption: While I was cooking the dinner, the phone rang.
    2_For background action in narrative, in contrast with the main narrative events: A lot of people were standing outside, shouting. Some of them were waving banners. I parked the car, and wached.

    Aff

    I was eating pizza.

    S + was/were + V + -ing + rest of the sentence

    Neg

    I wasn't eating pizza.

    S + wasn't/weren't + V + -ing + rest of the sentence

    Int

    Was I eating pizza?

    Was/were + S + V + -ing + rest of the sentence
    Última edición por Gise; 24/05/2007 a las 20:46
    Under the spreading chestnut tree, I sold you and you sold me.
    There lie they and here lie we, under the spreading chestnut tree.

  3. #3
    Forero Experto Avatar de Gise
    Fecha de ingreso
    09 sep, 05
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    2,527

    Predeterminado Re: Lo básico (en inglés)

    Used to

    1_Used to describes a habitual action which has now finished, often in contrast with the present: I used to play tennis, but I don´t have the time now.

    Aff
    She used to like jazz.

    Neg
    I didn´t used to like jazz.

    Int
    Did you used to like jazz?


    Be used to

    1_Be used to describes thinks we generally do: I´m not used to going out with boys.
    2_ It describes thinks we are accustomed to: They are used to long bus journeys.

    Aff
    We are used to getting up early.

    Neg
    She isn´t used to getting up early.

    Int
    Are they used to getting up early?


    Will

    We use will:
    1_To make predictions: I think it will rain tomorrow.
    2_To make a decision: I´ll take this one, please.
    3_To make an offer: I ´ll do the washing up.
    4_To make a promise: I ´ll pay you back the money tomorrow.
    5_To make an arrangement: I ´ll see you tomorrow.

    Aff
    I´ll stay here.
    The family will stay here.

    'll = will

    Neg
    We won´t stay here.

    won't = will not

    Int
    Will they stay here?
    Under the spreading chestnut tree, I sold you and you sold me.
    There lie they and here lie we, under the spreading chestnut tree.

  4. #4
    Forero Experto Avatar de Gise
    Fecha de ingreso
    09 sep, 05
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    2,527

    Predeterminado Re: Lo básico (en inglés)

    Going to
    Going to is used:
    1_To show a plan or intention: They´re going to buy a house in Leeds.
    2_ To make a prediction based on the beginning or the cause of the event: Look at that crazy driver! He is going to crash!


    Future continuous

    We use the future continuous for a temporary action(as in the present continuous) but related to a point in the future:

    At the moment I´m working in my office(present)
    This time next week I´ll be liying on the beach(future)


    Future use or present continuous

    Present continuous can be used to refer to the future for a fixed arragement. This is very common when describing social arragements, and is often used with verbs of motions such as come and go. A time expression is usually used to make the meaning clear:

    What are you doing on Saturday?
    I´m going to France next summer.
    Under the spreading chestnut tree, I sold you and you sold me.
    There lie they and here lie we, under the spreading chestnut tree.

  5. #5
    Forero Experto Avatar de Gise
    Fecha de ingreso
    09 sep, 05
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    2,527

    Predeterminado Re: Lo básico (en inglés)

    Present perfect simple

    We use the present perfect simple:
    1_For states starting in the past and lasting until the present: I´ve known him for twenty years.
    2_For an event in the past, for which no definitive time is giving: I´ve visited Rome twice.
    3_For an indefinitive event which we think of as being very recent: The shop on the corner has closed.
    4_Where we feel that the result of an event is still present: The electricity has gone off.

    Aff
    I have decided.
    He has decided.

    Neg
    You haven´t decided.
    She hasn´t decided.

    Int
    Have we decided?
    Has it decided?


    Since
    It indicates the beginning of a period of time: I´ve been here since last Friday.
    This is when she went there.

    For
    This refers to a period of time: She went to Holland for three weeks.
    This is how long she stayed there.

    Already
    I have already been to Rome.


    Yet
    Have I read this book yet?
    I haven´t been to Rome yet.

    Still
    I still haven´t read this book.


    Negative duration

    1_ To express negative duration (how long something hasn´t happened for), use the Present Perfect simple:

    I haven´t visited them for years.
    I haven´t spoken French since I was at school. (not I haven´t been speaking...)

    2_ Other structures that express negative duration:

    -The last time I visited them was years ago.
    The last time I spoke French was at school.
    -It´s years since I (last) visited them.
    It´s three years since I (last) spoke French.


    Present perfect continuous

    We use the present perfect continuous:
    1_To suggest that an action starting in the past has only just finished, or may continue: I´ve been cleaning the house all day.
    2_ To show the length of the action starting in the past: I´ve been waiting for you for hours.
    3_ To show incompleteness. Compare:
    I´ve been reading that book you lent me. (not finished) I´ve read that book you lent me. (finished)
    4_To show a repeated activity: I´ve been going to the theatre a lot lately.

    Aff

    I have been working.
    He has been working.

    Neg

    You haven´t been working.
    She hasn´t been working.

    Int

    Have we been working?
    Has it been working?


    Past perfect simple

    1_ We use it to go back from a point in the past to events that had happened earlier:

    I came home at 4 o´clock, but it was too lat: my brother had already left.

    Aff
    I/he/we had worked.

    Neg
    I/she/they hadn´t worked.

    Int
    Had I/it/we worked?


    Past perfect continuous
    1_ We use it to talk about activities that had been happened in the past.


    Aff
    I/she/they had been working.

    Neg
    I/he/we hadn´t been working.

    Int
    Had I/it/we been working?
    Under the spreading chestnut tree, I sold you and you sold me.
    There lie they and here lie we, under the spreading chestnut tree.

  6. #6
    Forero Graduado Avatar de Darck_mario
    Fecha de ingreso
    05 jun, 06
    Ubicación
    Jilotepec, Mexico, Mexico
    Mensajes
    860

    Predeterminado Re: Lo básico (en inglés)

    Pon algo para los que estamos en el nivel Preintermedio...
    ¿Un foro de ciencia sin trolls?

    "El hombre, en su orgullo, creó a Dios a su imagen y semejanza.", Federico Nietzsche.

    "No creo en Dios, pero no estoy en contra de Él, estoy en contra de las religiones (sectas incluidas)". (Frase mia)

  7. #7
    Forero Experto Avatar de Gise
    Fecha de ingreso
    09 sep, 05
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    2,527

    Predeterminado Re: Lo básico (en inglés)

    ¿Como qué?
    Under the spreading chestnut tree, I sold you and you sold me.
    There lie they and here lie we, under the spreading chestnut tree.

  8. #8
    Forero Experto Avatar de Gise
    Fecha de ingreso
    09 sep, 05
    Mensajes
    2,527

    Predeterminado Re: Lo básico (en inglés)

    Adjunto el resto de mis apuntes, porque andar pasando los cuadros me resulta una tarea tediosa.
    Archivos adjuntados Archivos adjuntados
    Under the spreading chestnut tree, I sold you and you sold me.
    There lie they and here lie we, under the spreading chestnut tree.

  9. #9
    Forero Experto Avatar de Gise
    Fecha de ingreso
    09 sep, 05
    Mensajes
    2,527

    Predeterminado Re: Lo básico (en inglés)

    ...............
    Archivos adjuntados Archivos adjuntados
    Under the spreading chestnut tree, I sold you and you sold me.
    There lie they and here lie we, under the spreading chestnut tree.

  10. #10
    Registrado
    Fecha de ingreso
    14 dic, 03
    Ubicación
    Francia
    Mensajes
    229,081

    Predeterminado Re: Lo básico (en inglés)

    All of the information given above is really interesting. Thanks for it, dear Gise. "You're beautiful", as they say in America when congratulating someone.

    What about the "ain't" pattern, so familiar to the black community in the States?

    Do you remember, for instance, Michael Jackson singing "Ain't nobody's business, but mine and my baby", in "The Way You Make Me Feel" ? He also says "You ain't nothing" in the Bad video.

    Greetings and thanks for your help.

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