Alfeón
17/10/2006, 05:30
El vacío cuántico soporta el desdoblamiento virtual cerebral y corporal, demostrando la realidad subyacente virtual y abre una brecha en la filosofía y epistemología de la ciencia.
Out-of-Body Experience? Your Brain Is to Blame
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By SANDRA BLAKESLEE
Published: October 3, 2006
Correction Appended
Skip to next paragraph
Multimedia
Graphic
One Body When the Brain Says Two
Related
Web Links
Induction of an Illusory Shadow Person (Nature)
Out-of-body Experience and Autoscopy of Neurological Origin (Brain)They are eerie sensations, more common than one might think: A man describes feeling a shadowy figure standing behind him, then turning around to find no one there. A woman feels herself leaving her body and floating in space, looking down on her corporeal self.
Such experiences are often attributed by those who have them to paranormal forces.
But according to recent work by neuroscientists, they can be induced by delivering mild electric current to specific spots in the brain. In one woman, for example, a zap to a brain region called the angular gyrus resulted in a sensation that she was hanging from the ceiling, looking down at her body. In another woman, electrical current delivered to the angular gyrus produced an uncanny feeling that someone was behind her, intent on interfering with her actions.
The two women were being evaluated for epilepsy surgery at University Hospital in Geneva, where doctors implanted dozens of electrodes into their brains to pinpoint the abnormal tissue causing the seizures and to identify adjacent areas involved in language, hearing or other essential functions that should be avoided in the surgery. As each electrode was activated, stimulating a different patch of brain tissue, the patient was asked to say what she was experiencing.
Dr. Olaf Blanke, a neurologist at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in Switzerland who carried out the procedures, said that the women had normal psychiatric histories and that they were stunned by the bizarre nature of their experiences.
The Sept. 21 issue of Nature magazine includes an account by Dr. Blanke and his colleagues of the woman who sensed a shadow person behind her. They described the out-of-body experiences in the February 2004 issue of the journal Brain.
There is nothing mystical about these ghostly experiences, said Peter Brugger, a neuroscientist at University Hospital in Zurich, who was not involved in the experiments but is an expert on phantom limbs, the sensation of still feeling a limb that has been amputated, and other mind-bending phenomena.
“The research shows that the self can be detached from the body and can live a phantom existence on its own, as in an out-of-body experience, or it can be felt outside of personal space, as in a sense of a presence,” Dr. Brugger said.
Scientists have gained new understanding of these odd bodily sensations as they have learned more about how the brain works, Dr. Blanke said. For example, researchers have discovered that some areas of the brain combine information from several senses. Vision, hearing and touch are initially processed in the primary sensory regions. But then they flow together, like tributaries into a river, to create the wholeness of a person’s perceptions. A dog is visually recognized far more quickly if it is simultaneously accompanied by the sound of its bark.
These multisensory processing regions also build up perceptions of the body as it moves through the world, Dr. Blanke said. Sensors in the skin provide information about pressure, pain, heat, cold and similar sensations. Sensors in the joints, tendons and bones tell the brain where the body is positioned in space. Sensors in the ears track the sense of balance. And sensors in the internal organs, including the heart, liver and intestines, provide a readout of a person’s emotional state.
Real-time information from the body, the space around the body and the subjective feelings from the body are also represented in multisensory regions, Dr. Blanke said. And if these regions are directly simulated by an electric current, as in the cases of the two women he studied, the integrity of the sense of body can be altered.
As an example, Dr. Blanke described the case of a 22-year-old student who had electrodes implanted into the left side of her brain in 2004.
“We were checking language areas,” Dr. Blanke said, when the woman turned her head to the right. That made no sense, he said, because the electrode was nowhere near areas involved in the control of movement. Instead, the current was stimulating a multisensory area called the angular gyrus.
Dr. Blanke applied the current again. Again, the woman turned her head to the right. “Why are you doing this?” he asked.
1 2 Next Page »
Correction: Oct. 10, 2006
An article in Science Times last Tuesday about a neurological explanation for out-of-body experiences omitted the name of a brain region that produces such sensations. It is the temporal parietal junction. (The angular gyrus, which was named in the article, is part of the temporal parietal junction.)
_________________
Traducción de Itcdata
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/03/he...TfupkbwaVUeUrg
Basicamente dice dice esto:
Siempre se supo que todo lo que somos no es más que neuronas disparando juntas. Pero entender cada grupo y como se relacionan es lo dificil.
Por ej, se sabe que en los parietales temporales está el area neuronal donde se almacenan recuerdos, que en el hipocampo se procesan emociones, etc.
Hasta hay areas de "pensamiento lógico" por ejemplo.
La cosa es que estaban experimentando con electroshocks en pacientes con epilepsia.
Y en un momento, al darle una descarga electrica en un área del cerebro, la persona que estaba siendo usada de "cobayo" les dice "siento como que hay una persona atrás mio"
Estaban experimentando con áreas del lenguaje...cuando de repente la mina mira para el costado cuando le dan el shock. Le preguntaron porqué hacia eso.
y la mina les dijo que tenia la extraña sensacion de que habia alguien sentado al lado de ella en la cama. sentia como una sombra de ella misma, pero nada mas.
Cuando le sacaban la electricidad, la persona se desvanecía.
Y decia que esa sombra, copiaba EXACTAMENTE lo que hacia ella.
También se vio que este efecto se da al deprivar una persona de sus sentidos (imaginense en silencio acostados en una cama muy muy quietos y concentrados.. ustedes se querían "desdoblar"? jaja)
Bueno, a varios grupos control los hicieron acostarse.
Les implantaron electrodos.
En el momento que les daban corriente, ellos decian que se veían flotando arriba de la cama, y se veían a ellos mismos abajo.
Cortaban la corriente. Volvian a ellos mismos, y preguntaban "que pasó que volví? como es que me fuí de mi cuerpo? no entiendo nada!"
A este centro cerebral que tocaron, le pusieron "giro angular". Aparentemente recibimos informacion de todos los sentidos al mismo tiempo. Información de presion de todo el cuerpo de los pies, las manos, tendondes, temperatura, del oído para ubicarnos espacialmente, ojos, etc. Todas estas sensaciones "multisensoriales" confluyen en una sola (imaginense un río y muchos rios chiquitos que alimentan uno grande) y esta sola es la que le da al cerebro la ubicación del cuerpo en el espacio, etc.
Tambien ayuda a reconocer cosas, ejemplo, un perro se reconoce más rapidamente si está acompañado de un ladrido (esto fue comprobado cientificamente).
BUeno, lo que se descubrió, es que si uno estimula este centro con una corriente eléctrica, se altera la integridad de los sentidos del cuerpo. De esta manera, el cerebro pierde la ubicacion espaciotemporal y uno se "desdobla".
También se vio que los gurús, esos que meditan mucho, estan estimulando esa área cerebral..
el LSD (ácido lisérigo o PEPA en argentino) tambien la estimula, pasa que tambien estimula otras miles por lo que además provoca efectos alúcinogenos..
Out-of-Body Experience? Your Brain Is to Blame
Sign In to E-Mail This Print Single Page Reprints Save
By SANDRA BLAKESLEE
Published: October 3, 2006
Correction Appended
Skip to next paragraph
Multimedia
Graphic
One Body When the Brain Says Two
Related
Web Links
Induction of an Illusory Shadow Person (Nature)
Out-of-body Experience and Autoscopy of Neurological Origin (Brain)They are eerie sensations, more common than one might think: A man describes feeling a shadowy figure standing behind him, then turning around to find no one there. A woman feels herself leaving her body and floating in space, looking down on her corporeal self.
Such experiences are often attributed by those who have them to paranormal forces.
But according to recent work by neuroscientists, they can be induced by delivering mild electric current to specific spots in the brain. In one woman, for example, a zap to a brain region called the angular gyrus resulted in a sensation that she was hanging from the ceiling, looking down at her body. In another woman, electrical current delivered to the angular gyrus produced an uncanny feeling that someone was behind her, intent on interfering with her actions.
The two women were being evaluated for epilepsy surgery at University Hospital in Geneva, where doctors implanted dozens of electrodes into their brains to pinpoint the abnormal tissue causing the seizures and to identify adjacent areas involved in language, hearing or other essential functions that should be avoided in the surgery. As each electrode was activated, stimulating a different patch of brain tissue, the patient was asked to say what she was experiencing.
Dr. Olaf Blanke, a neurologist at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in Switzerland who carried out the procedures, said that the women had normal psychiatric histories and that they were stunned by the bizarre nature of their experiences.
The Sept. 21 issue of Nature magazine includes an account by Dr. Blanke and his colleagues of the woman who sensed a shadow person behind her. They described the out-of-body experiences in the February 2004 issue of the journal Brain.
There is nothing mystical about these ghostly experiences, said Peter Brugger, a neuroscientist at University Hospital in Zurich, who was not involved in the experiments but is an expert on phantom limbs, the sensation of still feeling a limb that has been amputated, and other mind-bending phenomena.
“The research shows that the self can be detached from the body and can live a phantom existence on its own, as in an out-of-body experience, or it can be felt outside of personal space, as in a sense of a presence,” Dr. Brugger said.
Scientists have gained new understanding of these odd bodily sensations as they have learned more about how the brain works, Dr. Blanke said. For example, researchers have discovered that some areas of the brain combine information from several senses. Vision, hearing and touch are initially processed in the primary sensory regions. But then they flow together, like tributaries into a river, to create the wholeness of a person’s perceptions. A dog is visually recognized far more quickly if it is simultaneously accompanied by the sound of its bark.
These multisensory processing regions also build up perceptions of the body as it moves through the world, Dr. Blanke said. Sensors in the skin provide information about pressure, pain, heat, cold and similar sensations. Sensors in the joints, tendons and bones tell the brain where the body is positioned in space. Sensors in the ears track the sense of balance. And sensors in the internal organs, including the heart, liver and intestines, provide a readout of a person’s emotional state.
Real-time information from the body, the space around the body and the subjective feelings from the body are also represented in multisensory regions, Dr. Blanke said. And if these regions are directly simulated by an electric current, as in the cases of the two women he studied, the integrity of the sense of body can be altered.
As an example, Dr. Blanke described the case of a 22-year-old student who had electrodes implanted into the left side of her brain in 2004.
“We were checking language areas,” Dr. Blanke said, when the woman turned her head to the right. That made no sense, he said, because the electrode was nowhere near areas involved in the control of movement. Instead, the current was stimulating a multisensory area called the angular gyrus.
Dr. Blanke applied the current again. Again, the woman turned her head to the right. “Why are you doing this?” he asked.
1 2 Next Page »
Correction: Oct. 10, 2006
An article in Science Times last Tuesday about a neurological explanation for out-of-body experiences omitted the name of a brain region that produces such sensations. It is the temporal parietal junction. (The angular gyrus, which was named in the article, is part of the temporal parietal junction.)
_________________
Traducción de Itcdata
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/03/he...TfupkbwaVUeUrg
Basicamente dice dice esto:
Siempre se supo que todo lo que somos no es más que neuronas disparando juntas. Pero entender cada grupo y como se relacionan es lo dificil.
Por ej, se sabe que en los parietales temporales está el area neuronal donde se almacenan recuerdos, que en el hipocampo se procesan emociones, etc.
Hasta hay areas de "pensamiento lógico" por ejemplo.
La cosa es que estaban experimentando con electroshocks en pacientes con epilepsia.
Y en un momento, al darle una descarga electrica en un área del cerebro, la persona que estaba siendo usada de "cobayo" les dice "siento como que hay una persona atrás mio"
Estaban experimentando con áreas del lenguaje...cuando de repente la mina mira para el costado cuando le dan el shock. Le preguntaron porqué hacia eso.
y la mina les dijo que tenia la extraña sensacion de que habia alguien sentado al lado de ella en la cama. sentia como una sombra de ella misma, pero nada mas.
Cuando le sacaban la electricidad, la persona se desvanecía.
Y decia que esa sombra, copiaba EXACTAMENTE lo que hacia ella.
También se vio que este efecto se da al deprivar una persona de sus sentidos (imaginense en silencio acostados en una cama muy muy quietos y concentrados.. ustedes se querían "desdoblar"? jaja)
Bueno, a varios grupos control los hicieron acostarse.
Les implantaron electrodos.
En el momento que les daban corriente, ellos decian que se veían flotando arriba de la cama, y se veían a ellos mismos abajo.
Cortaban la corriente. Volvian a ellos mismos, y preguntaban "que pasó que volví? como es que me fuí de mi cuerpo? no entiendo nada!"
A este centro cerebral que tocaron, le pusieron "giro angular". Aparentemente recibimos informacion de todos los sentidos al mismo tiempo. Información de presion de todo el cuerpo de los pies, las manos, tendondes, temperatura, del oído para ubicarnos espacialmente, ojos, etc. Todas estas sensaciones "multisensoriales" confluyen en una sola (imaginense un río y muchos rios chiquitos que alimentan uno grande) y esta sola es la que le da al cerebro la ubicación del cuerpo en el espacio, etc.
Tambien ayuda a reconocer cosas, ejemplo, un perro se reconoce más rapidamente si está acompañado de un ladrido (esto fue comprobado cientificamente).
BUeno, lo que se descubrió, es que si uno estimula este centro con una corriente eléctrica, se altera la integridad de los sentidos del cuerpo. De esta manera, el cerebro pierde la ubicacion espaciotemporal y uno se "desdobla".
También se vio que los gurús, esos que meditan mucho, estan estimulando esa área cerebral..
el LSD (ácido lisérigo o PEPA en argentino) tambien la estimula, pasa que tambien estimula otras miles por lo que además provoca efectos alúcinogenos..